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Viewing / Editing File: Salat.php

<?php
/**
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2016 Khaled Al-Sham'aa
 * 
 * http://www.ar-php.org
 * 
 * PHP Version 5 
 * 
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 
 * LICENSE
 *
 * This program is open source product; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 * 
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
 * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.txt>.
 * 
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 
 * Class Name: Muslim Prayer Times
 * 
 * Filename: Salat.php
 * 
 * Original Author(s): Khaled Al-Sham'aa <khaled@ar-php.org>
 * 
 * Purpose: The five Islamic prayers are named Fajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib
 * and Isha. The timing of these five prayers varies from place
 * to place and from day to day. It is obligatory for Muslims
 * to perform these prayers at the correct time.
 * 
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 
 * Source: http://qasweb.org/qasforum/index.php?showtopic=177&st=0
 * By: Mohamad Magdy <mohamad_magdy_egy@hotmail.com>
 * 
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 
 * Muslim Prayer Times
 *
 * Using this PHP Class you can calculate the time of Muslim prayer
 * according to the geographic location.
 * 
 * The five Islamic prayers are named Fajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha. The timing 
 * of these five prayers varies from place to place and from day to day. It is 
 * obligatory for Muslims to perform these prayers at the correct time.
 * 
 * The prayer times for any given location on earth may be determined mathematically 
 * if the latitude and longitude of the location are known. However, the theoretical 
 * determination of prayer times is a lengthy process. Much of this tedium may be 
 * alleviated by using computer programs.
 * 
 * Definition of prayer times
 * 
 * - FAJR starts with the dawn or morning twilight. Fajr ends just before sunrise.
 * - ZUHR begins after midday when the trailing limb of the sun has passed the 
 * meridian. For convenience, many published prayer timetables add five minutes to 
 * mid-day (zawal) to obtain the start of Zuhr. Zuhr ends at the start of Asr time.
 * - The timing of ASR depends on the length of the shadow cast by an object. 
 * According to the Shafi school of jurisprudence, Asr begins when the length of 
 * the shadow of an object exceeds the length of the object. According to the 
 * Hanafi school of jurisprudence, Asr begins when the length of the shadow 
 * exceeds TWICE the length of the object. In both cases, the minimum length of 
 * shadow (which occurs when the sun passes the meridian) is subtracted from the 
 * length of the shadow before comparing it with the length of the object.
 * - MAGHRIB begins at sunset and ends at the start of isha.
 * - ISHA starts after dusk when the evening twilight disappears. 
 *
 * Example:
 * <code>
 * date_default_timezone_set('UTC');
 * 
 * include('./I18N/Arabic.php');
 * $obj = new I18N_Arabic('Salat');
 * 
 * $obj->setLocation(33.513,36.292,2);
 * $obj->setDate(date('j'), date('n'), date('Y'));
 * 
 * $times = $obj->getPrayTime();
 * 
 * echo 'Damascus, Syria ';
 * echo date('l F j, Y').' ';
 * 
 * echo "Imsak: {$times[8]} ";
 * echo "Fajr: {$times[0]} ";
 * echo "Sunrise: {$times[1]} ";
 * echo "Zuhr: {$times[2]} ";
 * echo "Asr: {$times[3]} ";
 * echo "Sunset: {$times[6]} ";
 * echo "Maghrib: {$times[4]} ";
 * echo "Isha: {$times[5]} "; 
 * echo "Midnight: {$times[7]} "; 
 * </code>
 * 
 * Qibla Determination Methods - Basic Spherical Trigonometric Formula
 * 
 * The problem of qibla determination has a simple formulation in spherical 
 * trigonometry. A is a given location, K is the Ka'ba, and N is the North Pole. 
 * The great circle arcs AN and KN are along the meridians through A and K, 
 * respectively, and both point to the north. The qibla is along the great circle 
 * arc AK. The spherical angle q = NAK is the angle at A from the north direction 
 * AN to the direction AK towards the Ka'ba, and so q is the qibla bearing to be 
 * computed. Let F and L be the latitude and longitude of A, and FK and LK be 
 * the latitude and longitude of K (the Ka'ba). If all angles and arc lengths 
 * are measured in degrees, then it is seen that the arcs AN and KN are of measure 
 * 90 - F and 90 - FK, respectively. Also, the angle ANK between the meridians 
 * of K and A equals the difference between the longitudes of A and K, that is, 
 * LK - L, no matter what the prime meridian is. Here we are given two sides and 
 * the included angle of a spherical triangle, and it is required to determine one 
 * other angle. One of the simplest solutions is given by the formula:
 * <pre> 
 * -1 sin(LK - L)
 * q = tan ------------------------------------------
 * cos F tan FK - sin F cos(LK - L) 
 * </pre>
 * In this Equation, the sign of the input quantities are assumed as follows: 
 * latitudes are positive if north, negative if south; longitudes are positive 
 * if east, negative if west. The quadrant of q is assumed to be so selected 
 * that sin q and cos q have the same sign as the numerator and denominator of 
 * this Equation. With these conventions, q will be positive for bearings east 
 * of north, negative for bearings west of north.
 * 
 * Reference:
 * The Correct Qibla, S. Kamal Abdali <k.abdali@acm.org>
 * PDF version in http://www.patriot.net/users/abdali/ftp/qibla.pdf 
 *
 * Example:
 * <code>
 * date_default_timezone_set('UTC');
 * 
 * include('./I18N/Arabic.php');
 * $obj = new I18N_Arabic('Salat');
 * 
 * $obj->setLocation(33.513,36.292,2);
 *
 * $direction = $obj->getQibla();
 * echo "Qibla Direction (from the north direction): $direction ";
 * </code>
 * 
 * @category I18N 
 * @package I18N_Arabic
 * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa <khaled@ar-php.org>
 * @copyright 2006-2016 Khaled Al-Sham'aa
 * 
 * @license LGPL <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.txt>
 * @link http://www.ar-php.org 
 */

/**
 * This PHP class calculate the time of Muslim prayer according to the geographic 
 * location.
 * 
 * @category I18N 
 * @package I18N_Arabic
 * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa <khaled@ar-php.org>
 * @copyright 2006-2016 Khaled Al-Sham'aa
 * 
 * @license LGPL <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.txt>
 * @link http://www.ar-php.org 
 */ 
class I18N_Arabic_Salat
{
 /**
 * السنة
 * @ignore
 */
 protected $year = 1975;
 
 /**
 * الشهر
 * @ignore
 */
 protected $month = 8;
 
 /**
 * اليوم
 * @ignore
 */
 protected $day = 2;
 
 /**
 * فرق التوقيت العالمى
 * @ignore
 */
 protected $zone = 2;
 
 /**
 * خط الطول الجغرافى للمكان
 * @ignore
 */
 protected $long = 37.15861;
 
 /**
 * خط العرض الجغرافى
 * @ignore
 */
 protected $lat = 36.20278;
 
 /**
 * الارتفاع عن سطح البحر
 * @ignore
 */
 protected $elevation = 0;
 
 /**
 * زاوية الشروق والغروب
 * @ignore
 */
 protected $AB2 = -0.833333;

/**
     * زاوية العشاء
     * @ignore
     */
    protected $AG2 = -18;
    
    /**
     * زاوية الفجر
     * @ignore
     */
    protected $AJ2 = -18;
    
    /**
     * المذهب
     * @ignore
     */
    protected $school = 'Shafi';
    
    /**
     * الطائفة
     * @ignore
     */
    protected $view = 'Sunni';

/**
 * Loads initialize values
 *
 * @ignore
 */ 
 public function __construct()
 {
 }
 
 /**
 * Setting date of day for Salat calculation
 * 
 * @param integer $m Month of date you want to calculate Salat in
 * @param integer $d Day of date you want to calculate Salat in
 * @param integer $y Year (four digits) of date you want to calculate Salat in
 * 
 * @return object $this to build a fluent interface
 * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa <khaled@ar-php.org>
 */
 public function setDate($m = 8, $d = 2, $y = 1975)
 {
 if (is_numeric($y) && $y > 0 && $y < 3000) {
 $this->year = floor($y);
 }
 
 if (is_numeric($m) && $m >= 1 && $m <= 12) {
 $this->month = floor($m);
 }
 
 if (is_numeric($d) && $d >= 1 && $d <= 31) {
 $this->day = floor($d);
 }
 
 return $this;
 }
 
 /**
 * Setting location information for Salat calculation
 * 
 * @param decimal $l1 Latitude of location you want to calculate Salat time in
 * @param decimal $l2 Longitude of location you want to calculate Salat time in
 * @param integer $z Time Zone, offset from UTC (see also Greenwich Mean Time)
 * @param integer $e Elevation, it is the observer's height in meters.
 * 
 * @return object $this to build a fluent interface
 * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa <khaled@ar-php.org>
 */
 public function setLocation($l1 = 36.20278, $l2 = 37.15861, $z = 2, $e = 0)
 {
 if (is_numeric($l1) && $l1 >= -180 && $l1 <= 180) {
 $this->lat = $l1;
 }
 
 if (is_numeric($l2) && $l2 >= -180 && $l2 <= 180) {
 $this->long = $l2;
 }
 
 if (is_numeric($z) && $z >= -12 && $z <= 12) {
 $this->zone = floor($z);
 }
 
 if (is_numeric($e)) {
 $this->elevation = $e;
 }
 
 return $this;
 }
 
 /**
 * Setting rest of Salat calculation configuration
 * 
 * Convention Fajr Angle Isha Angle
 * 
 * Muslim World League -18 -17
 * 
 * Islamic Society of North America (ISNA) -15 -15
 * 
 * Egyptian General Authority of Survey -19.5 -17.5
 * 
 * Umm al-Qura University, Makkah -18.5 
 * Isha 90 min after Maghrib, 120 min during Ramadan
 * 
 * University of Islamic Sciences, Karachi -18 -18
 * 
 * Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran -17.7 -14(*)
 * 
 * Shia Ithna Ashari, Leva Research Institute, Qum -16 -14
 * 
 * (*) Isha angle is not explicitly defined in Tehran method
 * Fajr Angle = $fajrArc, Isha Angle = $ishaArc 
 * 
 * - حزب العلماء في لندن لدول
 * أوروبا في خطوط عرض تزيد على 48
 * 
 * $ishaArc = -17
 * $fajrArc = -17
 * 
 * @param string $sch [Shafi|Hanafi] to define Muslims Salat 
 * calculation method (affect Asr time)
 * @param decimal $sunriseArc Sun rise arc (default value is -0.833333)
 * @param decimal $ishaArc Isha arc (default value is -18)
 * @param decimal $fajrArc Fajr arc (default value is -18)
 * @param string $view [Sunni|Shia] to define Muslims Salat calculation
 * method (affect Maghrib and Midnight time)
 * 
 * @return object $this to build a fluent interface
 * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa <khaled@ar-php.org>
 */
 public function setConf(
 $sch = 'Shafi', $sunriseArc = -0.833333, $ishaArc = -17.5, 
 $fajrArc = -19.5, $view = 'Sunni'
 ) {
 $sch = ucfirst($sch);
 
 if ($sch == 'Shafi' || $sch == 'Hanafi') {
 $this->school = $sch;
 }
 
 if (is_numeric($sunriseArc) && $sunriseArc >= -180 && $sunriseArc <= 180) {
 $this->AB2 = $sunriseArc;
 }
 
 if (is_numeric($ishaArc) && $ishaArc >= -180 && $ishaArc <= 180) {
 $this->AG2 = $ishaArc;
 }
 
 if (is_numeric($fajrArc) && $fajrArc >= -180 && $fajrArc <= 180) {
 $this->AJ2 = $fajrArc;
 }
 
 if ($view == 'Sunni' || $view == 'Shia') {
 $this->view = $view;
 }
 
 return $this;
 }
 
 /**
 * Alias for getPrayTime2 method
 * 
 * @return array of Salat times + sun rise in the following format
 * hh:mm where hh is the hour in local format and 24 mode
 * mm is minutes with leading zero to be 2 digits always
 * array items is [$Fajr, $Sunrise, $Dhuhr, $Asr, $Maghrib, 
 * $Isha, $Sunset, $Midnight, $Imsak, array $timestamps]
 * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa <khaled@ar-php.org>
 * @author Hamid Zarrabi-Zadeh <zarrabi@scs.carleton.ca>
 * @source http://praytimes.org/calculation
 */
 public function getPrayTime()
 {
 $prayTime = $this->getPrayTime2();
 
 return $prayTime;
 }
 
 /**
 * Calculate Salat times for the date set in setSalatDate methode, and 
 * location set in setSalatLocation.
 * 
 * @return array of Salat times + sun rise in the following format
 * hh:mm where hh is the hour in local format and 24 mode
 * mm is minutes with leading zero to be 2 digits always
 * array items is [$Fajr, $Sunrise, $Dhuhr, $Asr, $Maghrib, 
 * $Isha, $Sunset, $Midnight, $Imsak, array $timestamps]
 * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa <khaled@ar-php.org>
 * @author Hamid Zarrabi-Zadeh <zarrabi@scs.carleton.ca>
 * @source http://praytimes.org/calculation
 */
 public function getPrayTime2()
 {
 $unixtimestamp = mktime(0, 0, 0, $this->month, $this->day, $this->year);

// Calculate Julian date
 if ($this->month <= 2) {
 $year = $this->year - 1;
 $month = $this->month + 12;
 } else {
 $year = $this->year;
 $month = $this->month;
 }
 
 $A = floor($year / 100);
 $B = 2 - $A + floor($A / 4);

$jd = floor(365.25 * ($year + 4716)) + floor(30.6001 * ($month + 1)) 
                + $this->day + $B - 1524.5;
        
        // The following algorithm from U.S. Naval Observatory computes the 
        // Sun's angular coordinates to an accuracy of about 1 arcminute within 
        // two centuries of 2000. 
        $d = $jd - 2451545.0;  // jd is the given Julian date

// The following algorithm from U.S. Naval Observatory computes the Sun's 
        // angular coordinates to an accuracy of about 1 arcminute within two 
        // centuries of 2000
        // http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/SunApprox.php
        // Note: mod % in PHP ignore decimels!
        $g = 357.529 + 0.98560028 * $d;
        $g = $g % 360 + ($g - ceil($g) + 1);
        
        $q = 280.459 + 0.98564736 * $d;
        $q = $q % 360 + ($q - ceil($q) + 1);
        
        $L = $q + 1.915 * sin(deg2rad($g)) + 0.020 * sin(deg2rad(2 * $g));
        $L = $L % 360 + ($L - ceil($L) + 1);

$R = 1.00014 - 0.01671 * cos(deg2rad($g)) - 0.00014 * cos(deg2rad(2 * $g));
 $e = 23.439 - 0.00000036 * $d;
 
 $RA = rad2deg(atan2(cos(deg2rad($e))* sin(deg2rad($L)), cos(deg2rad($L))))
 / 15;
 
 if ($RA < 0) {
 $RA = 24 + $RA;
 }

// The declination of the Sun is the angle between the rays of the sun and 
 // the plane of the earth equator. The declination of the Sun changes 
 // continuously throughout the year. This is a consequence of the Earth's 
 // tilt, i.e. the difference in its rotational and revolutionary axes. 
 // declination of the Sun
 $D = rad2deg(asin(sin(deg2rad($e))* sin(deg2rad($L)))); 
 
 // The equation of time is the difference between time as read from sundial 
 // and a clock. It results from an apparent irregular movement of the Sun 
 // caused by a combination of the obliquity of the Earth's rotation axis 
 // and the eccentricity of its orbit. The sundial can be ahead (fast) by 
 // as much as 16 min 33 s (around November 3) or fall behind by as much as 
 // 14 min 6 s (around February 12), as shown in the following graph:
 // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Equation_of_time.png 
 $EqT = ($q/15) - $RA; // equation of time
 
 // Dhuhr
 // When the Sun begins to decline after reaching its highest point in the sky
 $Dhuhr = 12 + $this->zone - ($this->long/15) - $EqT;
 if ($Dhuhr < 0) {
 $Dhuhr = 24 + $Dhuhr;
 }
 
 // Sunrise & Sunset 
 // If the observer's location is higher than the surrounding terrain, we 
 // can consider this elevation into consideration by increasing the above 
 // constant 0.833 by 0.0347 × sqrt(elevation), where elevation is the 
 // observer's height in meters. 
 $alpha = 0.833 + 0.0347 * sqrt($this->elevation);
 $n = -1 * sin(deg2rad($alpha)) - sin(deg2rad($this->lat)) * sin(deg2rad($D));
 $d = cos(deg2rad($this->lat)) * cos(deg2rad($D));

// date_sun_info Returns an array with information about sunset/sunrise 
        // and twilight begin/end
        $Sunrise = $Dhuhr - (1/15) * rad2deg(acos($n / $d));
        $Sunset  = $Dhuhr + (1/15) * rad2deg(acos($n / $d));
        
        // Fajr & Isha
        // Imsak: The time to stop eating Sahur (for fasting), slightly before Fajr.
        // Fajr:  When the sky begins to lighten (dawn).
        // Isha:  The time at which darkness falls and there is no scattered light 
        //        in the sky. 
        $n     = -1 * sin(deg2rad(abs($this->AJ2))) - sin(deg2rad($this->lat)) 
                * sin(deg2rad($D));
        $Fajr  = $Dhuhr - (1/15) * rad2deg(acos($n / $d));
        $Imsak = $Fajr - (10/60);
        
        $n    = -1 * sin(deg2rad(abs($this->AG2))) - sin(deg2rad($this->lat)) 
                * sin(deg2rad($D));
        $Isha = $Dhuhr + (1/15) * rad2deg(acos($n / $d));
        
        // Asr
        // The following formula computes the time difference between the mid-day 
        // and the time at which the object's shadow equals t times the length of 
        // the object itself plus the length of that object's shadow at noon
        if ($this->school == 'Shafi') {
            $n = sin(atan(1/(1 + tan(deg2rad($this->lat - $D))))) 
                - sin(deg2rad($this->lat)) * sin(deg2rad($D));
        } else {
            $n = sin(atan(1/(2 + tan(deg2rad($this->lat - $D))))) 
                - sin(deg2rad($this->lat)) * sin(deg2rad($D));
        }
        $Asr = $Dhuhr + (1/15) * rad2deg(acos($n / $d));
        
        // Maghrib
        // In the Sunni's point of view, the time for Maghrib prayer begins once 
        // the Sun has completely set beneath the horizon, that is, Maghrib = Sunset 
        // (some calculators suggest 1 to 3 minutes after Sunset for precaution)
        $MaghribSunni = $Sunset + 2/60;
        
        // In the Shia's view, however, the dominant opinion is that as long as 
        // the redness in the eastern sky appearing after sunset has not passed 
        // overhead, Maghrib prayer should not be performed.
        $n = -1 * sin(deg2rad(4)) - sin(deg2rad($this->lat)) * sin(deg2rad($D));
        $MaghribShia = $Dhuhr + (1/15) * rad2deg(acos($n / $d));
        
        if ($this->view == 'Sunni') {
            $Maghrib = $MaghribSunni;
        } else {
            $Maghrib = $MaghribShia;
        }

// Midnight
        // Midnight is generally calculated as the mean time from Sunset to Sunrise
        $MidnightSunni = $Sunset + 0.5 * ($Sunrise - $Sunset);
        if ($MidnightSunni > 12) {
            $MidnightSunni = $MidnightSunni - 12;
        }
        
        // In Shia point of view, the juridical midnight (the ending time for 
        // performing Isha prayer) is the mean time from Sunset to Fajr
        $MidnightShia = 0.5 * ($Fajr - $Sunset);
        if ($MidnightShia > 12) {
            $MidnightShia = $MidnightShia - 12;
        }
        
        if ($this->view == 'Sunni') {
            $Midnight = $MidnightSunni;
        } else {
            $Midnight = $MidnightShia;
        }

// Result.ThlthAkhir:= Result.Fajr-(24-Result.Maghrib + Result.Fajr)/3;
 // Result.Doha := Result.Sunrise+(15/60);
 // if isRamadan then (Um-Al-Qura calendar)
 // Result.Isha := Result.Maghrib+2 
 // else Result.Isha := Result.Maghrib+1.5;
 
 $times = array($Fajr, $Sunrise, $Dhuhr, $Asr, $Maghrib, $Isha, $Sunset, 
 $Midnight, $Imsak);
 
 // Convert number after the decimal point into minutes 
 foreach ($times as $index => $time) {
 $hours = floor($time);
 $minutes = round(($time - $hours) * 60);
 
 if ($minutes < 10) {
 $minutes = "0$minutes";
 }
 
 $times[$index] = "$hours:$minutes";
 
 $times[9][$index] = $unixtimestamp + 3600 * $hours + 60 * $minutes;
 
 if ($index == 7 && $hours < 6) {
 $times[9][$index] += 24 * 3600;
 }
 }
 
 return $times;
 }

/**
 * Determine Qibla direction using basic spherical trigonometric formula 
 * 
 * @return float Qibla Direction (from the north direction) in degrees
 * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa <khaled@ar-php.org>
 * @author S. Kamal Abdali <k.abdali@acm.org>
 * @source http://www.patriot.net/users/abdali/ftp/qibla.pdf
 */
 public function getQibla () 
 {
 // The geographical coordinates of the Ka'ba
 $K_latitude = 21.423333;
 $K_longitude = 39.823333;
 
 $latitude = $this->lat;
 $longitude = $this->long;

$numerator   = sin(deg2rad($K_longitude - $longitude));
        $denominator = (cos(deg2rad($latitude)) * tan(deg2rad($K_latitude))) -
                       (sin(deg2rad($latitude)) 
                       * cos(deg2rad($K_longitude - $longitude)));

$q = atan($numerator / $denominator);
 $q = rad2deg($q);
 
 if ($this->lat > 21.423333) {
 $q += 180;
 }
 
 return $q;
 }
 
 /**
 * Convert coordinates presented in degrees, minutes and seconds 
 * (i.e. 12°34'56"S formula) into usual float number in degree unit scale 
 * (i.e. -12.5822 value)
 * 
 * @param string $value Coordinate presented in degrees, minutes and seconds
 * (i.e. 12°34'56"S formula) 
 * 
 * @return float Equivalent float number in degree unit scale
 * (i.e. -12.5822 value) 
 * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa <khaled@ar-php.org>
 */
 public function coordinate2deg ($value) 
 {
 $pattern = "/(\d{1,2})°((\d{1,2})')?((\d{1,2})\")?([NSEW])/i";
 
 preg_match($pattern, $value, $matches);
 
 $degree = $matches[1] + ($matches[3] / 60) + ($matches[5] /3600);
 
 $direction = strtoupper($matches[6]);
 
 if ($direction == 'S' || $direction == 'W') {
 $degree = -1 * $degree;
 }
 
 return $degree;
 }
}

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